Category: Taxes

Sweden is consistently ranked among the world’s most innovative economies. Technology, automation and new solutions are supported not only by the market, but also through the tax system. One of the most practical tools for companies working with research and development is the R&D tax relief called Forskningsavdrag.

In 2026, it remains one of the most effective ways to reduce the real cost of innovation — for both small companies and large groups.

What is Forskningsavdrag?

Forskningsavdrag is a tax relief that allows companies to reduce employer social security contributions for employees involved in R&D work. It is not a deduction from taxable profit — instead it reduces payroll-related charges, which often means a direct financial effect.

Key points at a glance

• Employer contributions can be reduced by up to 19.59%
• Maximum base of 3,000,000 SEK per month
• Applies to employees working with R&D
• Can also include work performed outside Sweden, as long as contributions are paid in Sweden

This is one of the more attractive payroll-based R&D incentives in Europe because it can improve cash flow without relying on grants.

Who can use the relief?

Forskningsavdrag can be used by commercial businesses regardless of size. Eligibility is based on the nature of the work, not the legal form.

Typical eligible businesses include:

• Technology and manufacturing companies
• Startups and scale-ups
• Service companies running development projects
• Businesses developing new products, processes, services or digital solutions

Both permanent employees and contracted individuals may be relevant — provided the work qualifies as R&D and social contributions are paid in Sweden.

What activities qualify as R&D in Sweden?

R&D can include, for example:

• Creating new products, technologies or services
• Software development and testing of new functionality
• Improving production and technical processes
• Designing prototypes and models
• Technical or scientific investigations
• Developing new analytical methods or tools

If a project requires creativity, specialist competence and introduces something new or a significant improvement, it will often fall within the R&D scope.

Conditions you must meet

To apply the relief, the company typically needs to meet these requirements:

• The employee spends at least 50% of working time in that month on R&D activities
• The employee must not turn 66 during the tax year
• The project must have a commercial purpose
• The company must be able to document the R&D work performed

Activities funded by public institutions do not qualify for the relief.

What does the financial benefit look like in practice?

Employer social security contributions in Sweden are 31.42%.

With Forskningsavdrag, they may be reduced to around 11.83%, which can mean savings of hundreds of thousands of SEK per year if you have several R&D employees.

The relief is particularly valuable for companies employing highly qualified specialists — engineers, analysts, developers, designers, and other technical roles tied to innovation.

Why should companies use the R&D tax relief?

• Reduces the cost of running innovation projects
• Improves competitiveness
• Supports R&D financing without needing grants
• Encourages development and technology growth in Sweden
• Helps both domestic and international companies scale faster

Summary

Forskningsavdrag is one of Sweden’s most important tax tools for supporting innovation. Companies investing in research and development can significantly reduce payroll-related costs, making it easier to scale projects, hire experts and bring new technologies to market.

Revea supports companies with R&D tax relief and reporting

We can help you:

• assess whether your projects qualify as R&D
• prepare documentation for Skatteverket
• apply Forskningsavdrag correctly
• handle payroll cost reporting and ongoing compliance

Contact us if you want to make sure you’re using the relief in the most efficient and correct way:

08-678 18 40 or info@revea.se

Investing in Sweden is becoming increasingly popular – both among private individuals and entrepreneurs running businesses here. The Swedish tax system is considered one of the most transparent in Europe, while at the same time offering investors significant opportunities for optimisation. In practice, this means that the right choice of tools and investment structures can significantly reduce the tax you pay – and in some cases even eliminate it.

In this article, we explain how investments are taxed in Sweden – from ISK accounts and the K4 form to cryptocurrencies and corporate capital gains – and how to legally and effectively reduce your tax burden.

ISK – the account that changed investing in Sweden

The most popular way to invest in Sweden is through the Investeringssparkonto (ISK), an investment savings account designed for simple, long-term investing. This solution is particularly attractive for people who want to invest without complicated paperwork and annual tax reporting.

With an ISK, you do not pay tax on your actual profit – neither on capital gains from selling shares nor on dividends. Instead, a small schablon tax (standardised, notional tax) is calculated on the value of the portfolio. In practice, this is often lower than the traditional 30% capital gains tax.

Why is ISK so beneficial?

Because in most cases it allows you to invest without worrying about detailed reporting, and it protects investors from paying high tax in years when they realise unusually large gains.

This is one of the main reasons why more than 5 million people in Sweden now have an ISK account.

K4 – mandatory for investors outside ISK

Not all investments can be held in an ISK. Investors who trade via ordinary brokerage accounts, use foreign platforms (such as Degiro, eToro, Interactive Brokers) or invest in cryptocurrencies must report their transactions in the K4 form.

This is where you report:

• sales of shares and funds
• transactions in derivatives
• cryptocurrencies
• gains and losses from trading on foreign exchanges

All realised gains are taxed at 30%, and any losses can reduce the taxable base (within certain limits).

The most common challenge? Collecting transaction data. For cryptocurrencies or active day trading, the number of transactions can reach hundreds or thousands. As a result, more and more investors choose to have their K4 prepared by professional accounting firms.

Cryptocurrencies in Sweden – taxation without secrets

The Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket) has for years been clear on how it views cryptocurrencies: they are capital assets, not currency.

This means that every sale, swap or use of crypto to pay for goods or services is a taxable event.

The key rules are:

• gains are taxed at 30%
• every transaction must be reported in the K4 form
• losses can be deducted, but not as fully as for shares
• buying crypto is not taxed – tax arises only when you sell or exchange

There is currently no possibility to hold cryptocurrencies inside an ISK.

In practice, this means greater responsibility for the investor and a strong need for accurate and detailed documentation.

Dividends in Sweden – 30% tax, but not always

The standard tax rate on dividends in Sweden, the so-called Kupongskatt, is 30%.

This applies to both individuals and foreign entities.

The good news is that for investors outside Sweden, this withholding tax can often be reduced through double taxation treaties – for example to 15% for Polish tax residents.

Dividend payments within an ISK do not require any additional reporting and are not included in the K4 form.

Selling a company and capital gains – when can you avoid tax in Sweden?

Corporate capital gains in Sweden are generally taxed at 20.6%. This includes, for example, gains from the sale of shares or business interests.

However, the Swedish system offers an important exception – and this is one of the most efficient tax optimisation tools in the entire EU.

If the sold shares qualify as “kwalificerade andelar” (qualified shares) and the company is a Swedish tax resident, it may be possible to achieve full exemption from capital gains tax.

The condition?

The proceeds must be used for business-related purposes – in practice, they need to be reinvested.

This is why many Swedish tech companies and holding structures use this mechanism when selling subsidiaries or restructuring groups of companies.

How to legally reduce tax on investments in Sweden – key strategies

There is no single universal solution, but there are several strategies that are widely used in practice:

1. Choosing the right investment account (ISK vs ordinary account)
2. The simplest and most common way. ISK removes tax on capital gains and dividends and replaces it with a relatively low standardised tax on the portfolio value.
3. Using capital losses in the K4 form
4. Properly reporting and offsetting losses can reduce your annual tax bill by several thousand or even tens of thousands of SEK.
5. Holding companies – selling a business tax-free
6. For entrepreneurs, a Swedish holding structure can be one of the most powerful optimisation tools, especially in connection with the sale of companies or shares.
7. Reducing tax on foreign dividends
8. Thanks to tax treaties, the withholding tax charged abroad can often be reduced and partly credited in Sweden.
9. Strategic investment planning
10. The choice of investment products and platforms also affects how and where your returns are taxed. Being aware of the differences between ISK, ordinary accounts and corporate solutions is crucial.

Poland – Sweden: how does double taxation work?

There is a double taxation treaty between Poland and Sweden that protects investors from being taxed twice on the same income.

In principle, income is taxed in the country where it arises, and then offset mechanisms ensure that you do not pay tax twice on the same amount.

This is particularly important for:

• Polish entrepreneurs operating in Sweden
• investors from Poland earning returns on the Swedish stock market
• people moving between the two countries

When should you seek help from a tax advisor?

The more complex your investments, the higher the risk of mistakes.

Professional support is especially valuable when you:

• invest through several platforms at the same time
• trade or hold cryptocurrencies
• own a company or a holding structure
• plan to sell shares in a business
• want to minimise your tax burden within the boundaries of the law

Having an expert prepare your K4 or advise on the structure of your investments can often save tens of thousands of SEK – and in corporate transactions, sometimes much more.

Need help with reporting investments, K4 or tax planning?

At Revea, we support investors, entrepreneurs and private individuals with:

• tax returns and reporting
• optimisation of investment structures
• holding and group structures
• taxation of cryptocurrencies
• cross-border tax advice between Poland and Sweden

Get in touch with us – we’ll help you choose the solutions best suited to your situation and plans.

In Sweden, property owners pay an annual tax based on the type, value and location of the property.

For 2025, the rates are set centrally by Skatteverket, but they vary depending on the type of property.

How Property Value Is Calculated

The property tax is based on the tax assessment value (taxeringsvärde), which is updated every few years by Skatteverket.

This value generally corresponds to around 75% of the property’s market value.

The following factors are considered:

• the size of the building and plot,
• the location,
• the year of construction and technical standard.

Property Tax Rates in 2025

Single-family houses (småhus)

• Tax rate: 0.75% of the assessed value.
• Maximum tax amount: SEK 9,287 per year (2025 limit).

Cooperative apartments (bostadsrätt)

• Individual apartment owners do not pay property tax directly.
• The housing association pays property tax on the collectively owned property.

Commercial buildings

• Tax rate: 1%–1.3% of the assessed value.

Vacant land

• Tax rate: 1% of the land value.

Newly Built Properties

New houses and residential buildings are exempt from property tax for the first 15 years after construction.

The exemption is applied automatically once the property is registered with Skatteverket.

Deadlines and Payment

Property tax is collected by Skatteverket as part of the annual tax settlement.

Information about the amount due appears in the taxpayer’s account on Mina sidor.

The tax can be paid in one instalment or in four instalments throughout the year.

Selling Property – Capital Gains Tax

When selling property in Sweden, a capital gains tax of 22% applies to the profit from the sale.

The gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the purchase cost, including improvement and renovation expenses.

Property Tax in Sweden – Key Takeaways

Sweden’s property tax system is relatively straightforward but requires an understanding of how assessment values and tax rates differ for each type of property.

Knowing these principles helps property owners avoid errors and plan their finances more effectively.

Revea assists property owners in analysing costs, reporting property-related taxes and preparing the necessary documentation for annual declarations.

Sweden is a business-friendly country for self-employed professionals, but running your own business comes with certain tax and administrative responsibilities.

To avoid mistakes and unnecessary costs, it’s important to understand the main tax rules for freelancers in 2025.

Registering a Business in Sweden

Anyone working on a self-employed basis must register their business with Skatteverket (the Swedish Tax Agency) and obtain:

• an F-skatt number (entrepreneur’s tax ID),
• a VAT number, if providing goods or services subject to VAT.

Registration allows freelancers to pay their own taxes and social contributions, and to issue invoices to clients.

Preliminary Tax and Annual Returns

Freelancers pay income tax in the form of monthly advance payments (preliminärskatt).

The amount depends on the expected annual income reported to Skatteverket.

At the end of the tax year, you must submit an annual tax return (Inkomstdeklaration 1 or NE attachment) to reconcile the final tax amount.

Contributions and Business Expenses

Self-employed individuals in Sweden are required to pay:

• income tax – around 30–33%, depending on the municipality,
• social security contributions (egenavgifter) – approximately 28.97% of income,
• VAT (moms) – 25%, 12%, or 6%, depending on the industry.

Operating expenses such as equipment, software, travel, or marketing costs can be deducted from taxable income.

Tax Deductions for Freelancers

Freelancers are entitled to the same deductions as other taxpayers, including:

• reseavdrag – travel deductions for client visits,
• deductions for office, equipment and internet costs,
• depreciation of assets worth more than SEK 25,000,
• accounting and business software expenses.

Deadlines and Tax Responsibilities

The deadline for filing the 2024 tax return is 2 May 2025, and for 2025 – early May 2026.

All declarations and payments are handled online through Skatteverket’s Mina sidor portal.

Late payments may result in interest and additional fees, so keeping track of deadlines and balances is essential.

Freelancing in Sweden – Key Takeaways

Working as a freelancer in Sweden offers flexibility and independence – but also demands good organisation and awareness of tax obligations.

Understanding tax rules, rates and deductions helps you optimise your income and avoid costly errors.

Revea supports freelancers and self-employed professionals with accounting, reporting and tax planning, ensuring your business runs smoothly and in compliance with Swedish law.

Sweden is known for its high taxes – but also for its extensive system of tax deductions.

In practice, this means that even people with moderate incomes can significantly reduce their tax burden, provided they know when and how to use the available deductions.

Below you’ll find an overview of the most important tax deductions in Sweden that are worth considering in your 2025 tax return.

When Are You Entitled to Tax Deductions?

You can claim deductions if you:

• are taxed under the ordinary income tax rules (not the 25% SINK tax),
• earn at least 90% of your income in Sweden,
• have proof of expenses, such as receipts, tickets, or contracts.

Individuals who stay in Sweden for less than six months are usually subject to SINK tax and therefore cannot claim deductions.

Main Tax Deductions in Sweden (2025)

Reseavdrag – Work Travel Deduction

You can deduct commuting expenses between your home and workplace if your annual costs exceed SEK 11,000.

This applies to both fuel and public transport costs.

Dubbel bosättning – Double Household Deduction

For individuals who maintain housing both in Sweden and in their home country.

You can deduct rental costs, travel expenses, and meal costs related to your stay in Sweden.

Tillfälligt arbete – Temporary Work Deduction

Applies to employees who work temporarily in a different location than their permanent residence.

You can deduct accommodation and travel expenses, according to the fixed rates set by Skatteverket.

Expertskatt – Expert Tax Relief

For foreign specialists and executives: a tax reduction of up to 25% of salary for up to five years, provided that the application is submitted to Forskarskattenämnden within three months of starting work.

How to Claim Tax Deductions in Sweden

1. Prepare all expense documentation (receipts, tickets, contracts).
2. Log in to Skatteverket and complete your income tax return.
3. Enter the relevant deductions in the annual declaration form.
4. Submit your tax return on time – no later than early May 2026.

Why Use Tax Deductions?

Tax deductions in Sweden are a real opportunity to save money – especially for people working away from home or maintaining two households.

Understanding the rules and applying them correctly helps you avoid errors and may result in a tax refund.

If you’re unsure which deductions apply to you, Revea can help you assess your situation and prepare an accurate tax return that includes all relevant deductions.

The Swedish tax system is transparent but complex.

High tax rates do not necessarily mean a heavy tax burden.

Thanks to various tax deductions in Sweden, you can legally lower your taxable income and recover some of the costs related to your work.

This article explains the main Swedish tax deductions for 2025, eligibility rules, and common mistakes made by taxpayers.

Who Can Benefit from Tax Deductions in Sweden?

Tax deductions are available to people who:

• are tax residents in Sweden, or
• have chosen to be taxed under the ordinary income tax rules (instead of the simplified 25% SINK tax).

In practice, most deductions apply to individuals who live and work in Sweden for at least six months per year or have their centre of vital interests in Sweden.

Most Common Tax Deductions in Sweden (2025)

1. Work Travel Deduction – Reseavdrag

• You can deduct commuting expenses if your total annual travel costs exceed SEK 11,000.
• The distance between home and work must be at least 5 km.
• Car travel is deductible only if it saves at least 2 hours per day compared with public transport.
• More information: Skatteverket – Reseavdrag

2. Deduction for Double Households – Dubbel bosättning

Applies to individuals who work in Sweden but maintain housing in another country (for example, in Poland).

You can deduct:

• accommodation costs in Sweden,
• travel expenses to your home country,
• meal expenses (for the first 30 days).

3. Temporary Work Deduction – Tillfälligt arbete

Applies to those working temporarily away from their permanent residence.

You can deduct transport, accommodation and meal expenses based on the fixed rates set by Skatteverket.

4. Expert Tax Relief – Expertskatt

A tax reduction of up to 25% of salary for up to five years for foreign experts and executives.

Applications must be submitted to Forskarskattenämnden within three months of starting work.

More information: Skatteverket – Expertskatt

How to Apply for Tax Deductions in Sweden

1. Log in to Mina sidor on Skatteverket’s website.
2. Complete your annual income tax return (Inkomstdeklaration 1).
3. Enter the applicable deductions: reseavdrag, dubbel bosättning, etc.
4. Attach supporting documentation (receipts, invoices, tickets).
5. Submit your declaration by early May 2026.

Why Use Tax Deductions?

Tax deductions in Sweden are a legal and effective way to reduce your tax burden.

The right deductions can lead to significant savings – especially for those working temporarily or maintaining two residences.

If you are unsure which deductions apply to you, it may be worth consulting a tax expert.

Revea can assist you in identifying eligible deductions and preparing a correct and complete tax return.

Tax Liability in Sweden – The Basics

In Sweden, everyone who earns income in the country is subject to taxation – regardless of whether they are self-employed or employed.

How and where you pay tax depends on your tax residency status – whether you are considered a resident or a non-resident for tax purposes.

Who Qualifies as a Tax Resident in Sweden?

According to Skatteverket, a person becomes a tax resident in Sweden if they meet at least one of the following conditions:

• They have a permanent home in Sweden.
• They stay in Sweden continuously for at least six months.
• They have strong personal or economic ties to Sweden – such as family, a home, a business, or a stable source of income.

Those who do not meet these criteria are subject to limited tax liability and may pay tax under a simplified system known as the SINK tax (Special Income Tax for Non-Residents).

The SINK Tax in Sweden – For Whom and How It Works

SINK is a flat-rate income tax for individuals working in Sweden on a temporary basis – for example, seasonal work, remote work, or short-term assignments.

• The SINK rate is 25%, deducted directly from gross income.
• There is no requirement to file an annual tax return.
• No deductions or allowances are permitted under SINK.

However, a non-resident can opt out of SINK and choose the standard income tax system instead. In that case, they file taxes as a Swedish tax resident and may claim deductions and potential refunds.

Income Tax for Tax Residents in Sweden

Individuals with unlimited tax liability (residents) must declare and pay tax on worldwide income – income earned both in Sweden and abroad.

Swedish residents pay two main types of income tax:

• Municipal tax (kommunalskatt) – set by the local municipality, averaging around 32%.
• State income tax (statlig skatt) – applies to income above approximately SEK 613,900 per year (in 2025).

VAT and Business Taxes in Sweden

Entrepreneurs operating in Sweden must register with Skatteverket and regularly report and pay taxes, including:

• VAT (moms) – 25%, 12%, or 6%, depending on the goods or services provided.
• Business income tax.
• Employer’s social security contributions (arbetsgivaravgifter) – if employees are hired.

Businesses must also maintain proper bookkeeping and documentation in accordance with Swedish tax law.

The Five-Year Rule for Former Swedish Residents

A person who has been a Swedish tax resident for an extended period may still be considered a Swedish tax resident for up to five years after leaving the country, if Skatteverket determines that they maintain significant ties to Sweden – such as property ownership, family, or an ongoing business.

Tax Resident or Non-Resident – Which Is Better?

Whether it is more beneficial to be a tax resident or non-resident in Sweden depends on your situation.

Short-term workers often benefit from the simplicity of the SINK system, while long-term employees, business owners, and permanent residents usually gain more by being taxed as residents – gaining access to deductions, tax credits, and social benefits.

Before deciding on your tax status, it is always best to consult a professional advisor.

Contact Revea – we can help you determine which option is most advantageous for you: +46 (0)8 678 18 40 • info@revea.se

Why Tax Residency Matters in Sweden

Your tax residency status in Sweden determines where and how you pay taxes.

Understanding the rules on SINK tax, residency, and current tax rates will help you avoid mistakes and penalties from Skatteverket.

Strategic tax planning is the foundation of safe and sustainable business operations in Sweden.

Want to know more about Swedish taxation, VAT, or company registration?

Contact us via revea.se/contact – our experts will guide you through every step of your tax and business process in Sweden.

‍What Is a Tax Audit in Sweden?

If a foreign entrepreneur operates in Sweden for more than six months (183 days), they are considered a tax resident and must comply with Swedish tax regulations. This also means more formalities with Skatteverket. The agency can audit your business at any time to ensure everything is reported correctly.

Audits usually take place at your business premises, where you must present all necessary documentation. Skatteverket will verify whether the information you submitted in your tax return is accurate — and whether you’ve fulfilled your legal obligations. You must notify the agency immediately if any business details change.

Although the audit itself is confidential, its outcome may be published on official government websites. Skatteverket can also request information about your clients or business partners and audit any tax period.

Who Can Be Audited by Skatteverket?

Tax audits may involve both individuals and companies, including:

• Sole proprietors (enskild firma)
• Limited companies (aktiebolag)
• Individuals registered for VAT or as employers
• Anyone who has submitted a tax declaration

What Documents Should You Prepare?

A tax audit may include:

• Payroll summaries for your employees
• Invoices, receipts, and all documents supporting your reported income
• VAT reports and declarations regarding social contributions

If any documents are sensitive or confidential, you have the right to inform the auditor. You may still be required to present them, but you can appeal to an administrative court to seek exemption.

Tax Audit in Sweden – Step by Step

Step 1: Notification of Audit

You will receive a formal notice from Skatteverket, including:

• The name of the person or company being audited
• The purpose of the audit
• Names of the tax auditors involved
• The person who authorized the audit

In some cases, the audit may take place outside your office, for example at Skatteverket’s office. However, you can request that the audit be carried out at your premises.

Step 2: On-site Audit

The auditor will examine your business records and may temporarily take some documents for review — in such cases, you’ll receive a confirmation document. They may also inspect your:

• Cash registers
• Technical equipment
• Business premises

As an entrepreneur, you are expected to:

• Provide all required documentation
• Allow access to all necessary rooms
• Offer access to computers if needed
• Arrange a workspace for the auditor
• Be available for questions or clarifications

Step 3: Audit Results

If Skatteverket finds discrepancies, they may recalculate your tax and send you a formal decision. You have the right to appeal this decision.

If no irregularities are found, you’ll receive a confirmation letter stating that the audit is complete and no changes were made to your tax filings.

Can You Refuse to Cooperate?

Refusing to cooperate is not recommended. If you decline to provide documents or information, Skatteverket may:

• Issue a formal request requiring you to submit the documents
• Petition the administrative court to secure evidence

This could lead to legal consequences and the forced release of your documents.

Need help navigating Swedish tax audits or Skatteverket communication?

Contact us at Revea – we assist entrepreneurs with accounting, tax compliance, and audit support in Sweden.

More and more migrants in Sweden are choosing not only to work for local employers but also to run their own businesses. Before taking the first steps, it’s important to understand what actions you can take to maximize profits and reduce operational costs. Here’s what you should know about managing company finances and taxes in Sweden.

Income Tax in Sweden

All registered businesses in Sweden are required to pay income tax, which consists of:

• A national component
• A local tax (municipal and regional)

Tax Rates:

• Tax rates vary depending on your municipality
• The effective tax rate ranges from 8% to 55%, depending on income level and location
• Taxes are paid monthly, with a final adjustment at the end of the fiscal year

For legal entities (such as limited companies), the tax rate is flat at 20.6%.

When registering a company, the entrepreneur must estimate their expected annual profit, which is used by the Tax Agency (Skatteverket) to calculate preliminary tax payments. Overpaid amounts are refunded after annual reconciliation; underpayments must be settled.

Preliminary tax declarations can be adjusted during the tax year, but not after the final return is filed.

VAT in Sweden – What You Need to Know

Swedish companies are also generally liable for VAT (moms). Registration is mandatory for businesses that:

• Import/export goods with customs clearance in Sweden
• Provide real estate-related services
• Operate transportation through Swedish territory

Other businesses may voluntarily register, depending on their activity.

VAT registration must be completed at least 14 days before business operations begin. It can be done online.

VAT Rates in Sweden:

Managing Business Expenses

All expenses incurred by a business in Sweden must be properly documented. Companies are required to issue and archive invoices and receipts for several years.

Most entrepreneurs use the help of professional accountants, who:

• Ensure accurate bookkeeping and tax compliance
• Assist in optimizing reporting and cash flow
• Offer strategic planning to reduce costs and increase efficiency

Taxes by Business Structure

The level of taxation in Sweden depends on both income and business type.

Additional taxes:

• VAT – according to the nature of goods and services
• Employer contributions – 31.42% for employees
• Employee tax – between 8% and 55% of gross salary

Tax Optimization in Sweden – How to Increase Profit

Sweden has a complex tax system, but it also offers numerous legal ways to optimize taxes and improve profitability. The most common strategies include:

1. Using Tax Deductions

• Deductions must be documented with invoices or receipts
• Claimed in the annual tax return to Skatteverket
• Common deductions include:
  • R&D expenses
  • Business development
  • Startup costs
• Some deductions apply only to specific amounts or expire after a set time

2. Choosing the Right Business Structure

• Your legal structure impacts:
  • Tax rates
  • Legal responsibility
  • Available deductions

Consulting with a tax advisor before registration can help you choose the best option.

3. Managing Investment Income Strategically

• Profits from selling a company can be tax-free if reinvested in business activities
• Sweden has double taxation treaties with many countries, simplifying international business transactions

4. Monitoring Legal and Tax Changes

• Changes in tax laws can increase or reduce your costs
• Staying updated allows businesses to adjust and stay compliant

Should You Work With a Tax Consultant?

Yes – working with a local tax advisor is highly recommended. A good consultant will:

• Analyze your business situation
• Identify areas to save money
• Recommend legal, efficient solutions
• Ensure full compliance with Swedish tax law

It’s especially important to choose an accountant familiar with Swedish regulations, which differ significantly from Polish law.

Need help navigating Swedish tax rules or optimizing your finances?

📩 Contact us – our team supports entrepreneurs with bookkeeping, tax planning, and ongoing business advice tailored to Swedish conditions.

More and more entrepreneurs in Sweden are choosing to run their own businesses. Starting a company in Sweden is not difficult – as long as you understand the key requirements. Lack of knowledge may impact your operations, so it’s worth reviewing this guide or contacting an accounting firm for help.

Steps to Starting a Business in Sweden

There are three main steps to setting up a business in Sweden:

1. Choose a legal form of business
2. Register with the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket)
3. Register with the Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket)

1. Choose the Type of Business Entity

In Sweden, you can choose from several legal business structures:

• Sole trader (Enskild firma) – the simplest form of business, requiring no start-up capital or co-owners. The owner has unlimited liability.
• Limited company (Aktiebolag, AB) – the most popular form. It has legal personality, and owners are not personally liable. Requires a minimum capital of 25,000 SEK.
• Trading partnership (Handelsbolag, HB) – a company run by two or more people. Partners have full liability.
• Limited partnership (Kommanditbolag, KB) – doesn’t require start-up capital but requires annual financial reporting.
• Branch (Filial) – a Swedish branch of a foreign company. Must appoint a managing director and maintain Swedish-standard bookkeeping.
• Simple company (Enkel bolag) – a cooperative structure for at least two people without legal personality. Each partner is personally liable.

Other legal entities include economic associations, foundations, and European companies (SE).

2. Registering with Bolagsverket

Most companies must register with the Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket). Sole traders are exempt but may choose to register voluntarily.

Required documents:

• Company formation deed (dated within 6 months)
• Articles of association
• Bank certificate confirming share capital deposit (starting from 25,000 SEK for AB)
• Registration form

Registration cost: approx. 700–1,700 SEK

Processing time: usually 3–6 weeks

3. Registering with the Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket)

The final step is to register the business with the Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket).

You’ll need:

• Copy of passport or ID
• Form SKV 4632
• Registration via verksamt.se (requires BankID for online submission)

Upon registration, you’ll receive:

• F-tax certificate (self-employed taxpayer status)
• VAT registration
• Employer registration – if you intend to hire staff
• FA-tax – if you’re both employed and self-employed

Other Things You Need to Know

Residence permit

Issued by:

• Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)
• The Swedish embassy or Polish consulate

Valid for 5 years. After 2 years, your business must be able to support you financially.

Population registration

Mandatory if your intended stay exceeds 12 months.

You must register your address in Sweden before registering your company.

Personal identity number (personnummer)

Apply using form SKV 4620 at the Swedish Tax Agency.

Registration with Försäkringskassan (Swedish Social Insurance Agency)

Required if you:

• Want to apply for social benefits
• Need EU health insurance card (EHIC)
• Intend to claim dental or medical reimbursements

Swedish bank account

A business bank account is necessary for:

• Depositing share capital
• Managing payments and tax deductions

Business Taxes in Sweden

Income tax (individuals):

• 0% – income up to 598,500 SEK
• 20% – income exceeding this threshold

Municipal tax:

Set by each municipality and region – ranges from 30% to 35%

Corporate income tax (CIT):

• 20.6% (as of 2022)

VAT (Value Added Tax) in Sweden

Social Contributions (Employer Fees)

As an entrepreneur, you must pay social security contributions totaling 31.42% of the salary base. These include:

• Health insurance
• Retirement (pension) contributions
• Payroll taxes
• Other statutory contributions

Need help?

Our accounting firm supports English-speaking entrepreneurs in Sweden with company registration, tax declarations, payroll, and ongoing financial advice.

How does the Swedish pension system work, and how can you best prepare for the future? In this article, we explain the structure of Swedish pensions, who is entitled to benefits, and how to save for retirement—through the state, your employer, or on your own.

Public Pension – The Foundation of Retirement in Sweden

The Swedish pension system differs from the Polish one. The total amount of your pension consists of a public pension paid by the state and income-related components based on your lifetime earnings in Sweden.

This portion is managed by the Swedish Pensions Agency (Pensionsmyndigheten) and is funded annually through work and taxes. Even during parental leave, the state contributes to your pension for the first four years after childbirth.

Your pension can also be increased by:

• Receiving student aid during university studies
• Completing military service, including basic training
• Receiving disability or activation benefits
• Being on unemployment benefits

The longer and more actively you work in Sweden, the higher your public pension. You can also choose your own pension fund for investment purposes.

How Is the Public Pension Structured?

The public pension is paid for life and consists of:

• Income pension (inkomstpension) – based on lifetime earnings
• Premium pension (premiepension) – based on annual contributions
• Basic or guaranteed pension (garantipension) – for low-income earners
• Pension supplement – based on income and working years

Each year, 2.5% of your income is directed to the premium pension. You can choose whether these funds go to a private pension fund or the default state fund AP7 Såfa.

Additional Support for Low-Income Pensioners

Those with a low public pension may be eligible for:

• Housing supplement – based on income, living situation, and costs
• Elderly support allowance – for those without full pension eligibility

These are only granted under strict conditions and require a separate application.

Survivor’s Pension – Financial Support After the Loss of a Loved One

The public pension system also includes a survivor’s pension for close family members—spouse, partner, or parent (in the case of a child).

• This benefit covers part of the income the deceased provided
• To qualify, the deceased must have lived and worked in Sweden
• The amount depends on how much pension the deceased accrued

Employer-Funded Pension (Tjänstepension)

Many workers in Sweden also receive a pension from their employer—called tjänstepension. This typically applies to:

• Public sector employees
• Private sector white-collar and blue-collar workers

Employers are not legally required to offer occupational pensions, so it’s important to check your contract.

Self-Employed? No Automatic Occupational Pension

If you’re self-employed, you do not receive tjänstepension unless you save independently. This is why many entrepreneurs choose to set aside funds privately.

When and How Is the Occupational Pension Paid?

If your employer contributed to a pension fund, the provider will typically contact you a few months before you turn 65. At that time, you decide:

• When to start drawing your pension
• Whether to receive payments for 5, 10, 15, 20 years, or for life

What Else Does Tjänstepension Include?

Occupational pensions can also include:

• Supplemental health insurance – beyond Försäkringskassan
• Survivor protection – for your family in case of death

How Does a Swedish Pension Interact With Foreign Pensions?

Pensions received in Poland or another country do not affect your Swedish income pension, premium pension, or supplementary pension.

However, they may impact:

• Your basic guaranteed pension
• Housing supplement
• Elderly support allowance
• Pension supplement

This is assessed individually, based on income and benefits from abroad.

Leaving Sweden – Can You Still Collect Your Pension?

Yes. If you’ve worked in Sweden and later move away, you are still entitled to receive:

• Income pension
• Premium pension
• Supplementary pension

However, you may lose housing or elderly supplements, which are only granted to residents of Sweden.

Private Pension Savings in Sweden

Just like in Poland, many people in Sweden also choose to save privately for retirement—especially those who:

• Are self-employed
• Don’t qualify for tjänstepension

Common methods of saving include:

• Bank savings
• Private insurance plans
• Investment savings accounts (ISK)
• Capital-based pension insurance

Paying Off a Mortgage as Retirement Planning

Another form of long-term saving is paying off your mortgage. This can offer both financial and tax benefits:

• After repayment, you own your home outright
• You avoid future rent or housing costs
• You benefit from tax relief during the repayment period

This is ideal for those who prefer tangible, long-term assets over financial products.

Need Help Navigating the Swedish Pension System?

Do you have questions about Pensionsmyndigheten, your pension rights, or how to apply for supplements or retirement benefits?

Contact us – we’ll help you make informed decisions about your retirement in Sweden.

What is E-Commerce?

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, involves the remote sale of goods and services. A customer completes a transaction via digital devices on an online sales platform. The development of the e-commerce sector has led to nearly unrestricted access to goods and services worldwide, making cross-border sales possible without physical storefronts.

However, selling online does not exempt the seller from tax obligations. Even without a local presence in Sweden, earning revenue from Swedish or EU customers creates a tax liability.

What Determines Tax Obligations in E-Commerce?

If you run a business and sell goods or services online, each transaction must be reported separately. This allows the tax authority to verify how much you’ve earned and which VAT rate applies. In Sweden, VAT is generally 25%, but depending on the product or service, it may be:

• 25% (standard rate)
• 12%
• 6%
• 0% (exempt)

What Should an E-Commerce VAT Invoice Include?

The VAT invoice is essential for both the seller and the buyer, as it:

• provides the basis for VAT reporting
• supports the buyer’s right to deduct input VAT
• allows tax authorities to verify VAT compliance

The invoice must contain the following elements:

• date of issue
• unique invoice number (from one or more series)
• seller’s VAT number
• buyer’s VAT number (if reverse charge applies)
• names and addresses of both parties
• quantity and description of goods/services
• date of supply or payment (if different from invoice date)
• taxable amount for each VAT rate, unit price excluding VAT, and any discounts
• VAT rate and amount of VAT due
• note on margin scheme if applicable (no VAT shown)

Missing any of these can impact the buyer’s right to deduct VAT. In some cases, the invoice can be corrected; in others, a new one must be issued.

Own Warehouse vs Dropshipping – Different Tax Rules in Sweden

E-commerce sellers may hold their own inventory or use a dropshipping model, where a third-party supplier ships directly to the customer. These models have different tax implications.

VAT and Own Inventory in Sweden

Selling via own platform to EU customers

If you operate your own online shop and your annual turnover is below 99,680 SEK, and you sell to private individuals in the EU, you must apply Swedish VAT.

If you exceed this threshold, you must apply the VAT rules of the customer’s country. This means registering for VAT in those countries or using the One Stop Shop (OSS) system. You can also choose to join OSS voluntarily, even below the threshold.

Selling via external EU platform

If you use a third-party e-commerce platform but sell in your own name, the same turnover limits and rules apply. This still qualifies as business-to-consumer sales, but you remain responsible for VAT.

Selling via own platform to non-EU customers

If you sell to customers outside the EU, this is considered an export and is VAT-exempt. However, you may need to register for tax purposes in the buyer’s country. Even if you don’t report the transaction in a Swedish VAT return, you must include it in your accounting records.

Selling via external non-EU platform

Same rules apply as above. If the platform is outside the EU, the sale is treated as an export; if it’s within the EU, intra-EU rules apply.

VAT and Dropshipping in Sweden

In dropshipping, a third party handles inventory and delivery, but you as the seller still bear tax responsibility depending on where the customer and supplier are located.

Customer and supplier in the EU

In most cases, you’re responsible for reporting VAT to the customer. You can use OSS to simplify VAT declarations in customer countries. For example, if both you and your supplier are in one EU country and your customer is in another, you must report cross-border VAT.

Customer and supplier outside the EU

If both the customer and the supplier are outside the EU, the transaction is treated as an export. You don’t charge Swedish VAT, but you may need to register for tax in the customer’s country and report it in your accounting.

Customer in the EU, supplier outside the EU

This setup is common in global e-commerce. The customer pays VAT at the time of purchase. If the order value exceeds €150, it is no longer treated as a low-value import. The seller must inform the platform that the product is shipped from outside the EU. In that case, the platform becomes the deemed supplier and is responsible for VAT.

If the platform is EU-based, the transaction is reported as intra-EU sales in a VAT summary. If it’s non-EU, the sale is classified as an export.

Customer outside the EU, supplier in the EU

Here, the sale is treated as an export. No Swedish VAT applies, but the seller may need to register for VAT in the buyer’s country. This follows the same logic as sales where both the seller and customer are based outside the EU.

Conclusion

Sweden’s VAT rules for e-commerce vary based on:

• your sales model (own inventory or dropshipping)
• platform used (own site or marketplace)
• location of your customer and supplier
• transaction value and nature of goods

As an e-commerce entrepreneur, you must understand how VAT applies to your business model, how to issue compliant invoices, and how to report sales correctly. Choosing the right tax structure and logistics setup is critical to avoid penalties and optimize operations.

Planning to launch or scale your online business in Sweden? Contact Revea – we help e-commerce businesses with VAT registration, tax compliance, and strategic advice tailored to cross-border sales.